“Army of Metaphors” in Scientific Discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2020.101.064Keywords:
metaphor, terminology, science, literary criticism, image, picture of the world, discourse, mythologyAbstract
The article outlines the problem of the terminological potential of metaphor as the main figure of poetics, rhetoric, artistic and poetic thinking in general. The authors analyze numerous works about the nature and value of the metaphor; comprehend peculiarities of its use, forms and discourses of use, figurative potential of metaphorical thinking; at the same time, they emphasize on the mythological basis of such thinking (in particular, based on the works of O. Freudenberg, N. Frye, F. Nietzsche).The main focus is on the metaphorical (figurative) nature of terminology in both the humanities and the exact sciences, as well as the problem of the interpenetration of terms, in particular, scientific terms, metaphors borrowed from human sciences.The research confirms that at the present stage of development of all spheres of knowledge and science in general there is a cross-cutting penetration of metaphor at different levels: at the level of the names of theories; at the level of titles of scientific works – from ancient times to modern times; at the level of naming / defining phenomena and concepts, etc. Methodological foundation is based at the works of H. Ortega y Gasset, H. G. Gadamer and other philosophers of the twentieth century, who acknowledge the metaphor as a form of scientific thinking and cognition, at the same time see it as a marker of the spiritual space of science. The article outlines the Ukrainian experience of term-building in the context of a long-standing European tradition in combining elements of Western and Eastern approaches to the realization of reality and the transfer of knowledge.Numerous examples confirm the idea that metaphorology as a separate brunch in the 21st century is gaining momentum. Paying attention to metaphorical outview as an integral feature of human thinking (including scientific) offers new aspects and perspectives on the history of the sciences, opens the way to the convergence and interpenetration of scientific spheres, contains a number of axioms for human understanding of nature, history, world and mysteries of being.
References
Artiukh, V. (2015). Pro deiaki dzherela pokhodzhennia poniattia “aura” u Val′tera Ben′iamina [On Some Sources of Genesis of Concept “aura”]. Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA. Teoriia ta istoriia kul′tury, vol. 101, pp. 15–19. (in Ukrainian).
Arutiunova, N. D. (1990). Metafora i diskurs [Metaphor and Discourse]. In: Arutiunova, N. D. (ed.). Teoriia metafory [Theory of Metaphor]. Moscow : Progress, pp. 5-32. (in Russian).
Gachev, G. D. (2003). Gumanitarnyi kommentarii k fizike i khimii. Dialog mezhdu naukami o prirode i o cheloveke [Humanitarian Commentary to Physics and Chemistry. Dialogue between Sciences about Nature and about Man]. Moscow : Logos, 512 p. (in Russian).
Gogitidze, N. (2015). (ed.). Tak govoril Al'bert Einshtein [???]. Rostov-on-Don : Feniks, 96 p. (in Russian).
Gadamer, H.-G. (2000). Istyna i metod. Osnovy filosofs′koi hermenevtyky. [Truth and Method. Foundations of Philosophic Hermeneutics]. Kyiv : Iunivers, vol. 1, 464 p. (in Ukrainian).
Davidson, D. (2003). Chto oznachaiut metafory. [What Metaphors Mean]. In: Davidson, D. Istina i interpretatsiia [Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation]. Moscow : Praksis, pp. 336–361. (in Russian).
Cassirer, E. (1990). Sila metafory [Power of Metaphor]. In: Arutiunova, N. D. (ed.). Teoriia metafory [Theory of Metaphor]. Moscow : Progress, pp. 33–43. (in Russian).
Lanovyk, M. (2009). Literaturoznavcha metaforolohiia: interpretatyvna ta terminolohichna proektsii [Metaphorology of Literary Studies: Interpretative and Terminological Projections]. Naukovi zapysky TNPU im. V. Hnatiuka. Seriia: Literaturoznavstvo, iss. 27, pp. 281–290. (in Ukrainian).
Nietzsche, F. (2013). Ob istine i lzhi vo vnenravstvennom smysle. In: Nietzsche, F. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii [Collection of works in 13 vol.]. Moscow : Kul'turnaia revoliutsiia, vol.1, part 2, pp. 433–448. (in Russian).
Olschki, L. (1933). Istoriia nauchnoi literatury na novykh iazykakh [History of Scientific Literature in New Languages]. Moscow, Leningrad : Gostekhizdat, vol. 2, 212 p. (in Russian).
Ortega y Gasset, J. (1990). Dve velikie metafory [Two Great Metaphors]. In: Arutiunova, N. D. (ed.). Teoriia metafory [Theory of Metaphor]. Moscow : Progress, S.68-81. (In Russian).
Ricœur, P. (1990). Zhivaia metafora [Living Metaphor]. In: Arutiunova, N. D. (ed.). Teoriia metafory [Theory of Metaphor]. Moscow : Progress, pp. 435–455. (in Russian).
Wheelwright, Ph. (1990). Metafora i real′nost′ [Metaphor and Reality]. In: Arutiunova, N. D. (ed.). Teoriia metafory [Theory of Metaphor]. Moscow : Progress, pp. 82–109. (in Russian).
Freidenberg, O. M. (1998). Obraz i poniatie. Metafora [Image and Concept. Metaphor]. In: Freidenberg, O. M. Mif i literatura drevnosti [Myth and Literature of Ancient Times]. Moscow : “Vostochnaia literatura” RAN, pp. 232–262. (in Russian).
Frye, N. (1990). Myth and Metaphor. Selected essays. Edited by Robert D. Denham. Charlottesville : University Press of Virgini, 386 p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mariana Lanovyk, Zoriana Lanovyk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
