Retraction and Post-Publication Changes

The journal follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding the correction of the scholarly record.

Types of Post-Publication Changes

Correction (Erratum / Corrigendum)

Issued in cases of minor errors that do not affect the main results or conclusions of the study.

Retraction

An article may be retracted in cases of:

• plagiarism or improper use of sources;
• data fabrication or falsification;
• significant methodological errors;
• duplicate publication;
• undisclosed conflict of interest;
• breaches of the peer review process.

Retraction Procedure

• initiated by the editorial board, the author, or a third party;
• reviewed by the editorial board;
• the decision is documented in writing with a clear justification;
• a retraction notice is published and linked to the original article.

Retracted articles are not removed from the archive but are clearly marked as “Retracted”.