Non-Classical Forms in George Bacovia’s Poetry: Homomorphic Structures

Abstract

The article deals with the works of non-classical forms of Romanian poet George Bacovia. Having made his début as a poet-symbolist, he sets up as the author of new poetic forms in the Romanian literature at the turn of the 20th century, discovering artistic means of modernism. Versification analysis of lyrical works of G. Bacovia showed that his non-classical poems are built on the basis of homomorphism and heteromophism. G. Bacovia used five homomorphic forms among which are: three-stress dolnik (Dk3), four-stress dolnik (Dk4), five-stress dolnik (Dk5), three-stress taktovik (Tk3) and four-stress taktovik (Tk4). Dominating become dolnik constructions and both in pure form and in combination with other kinds of tonics. The most often used forms become three-stress dolniks, which, for the most part, become a systematized or “normalized” forms. The poet builds up such forms on the basis of trisyllable classical meters. Dolnik form proper with dynamic and flexible rhythm, in which inner lines modulations inter-ictus intervals are available, can be observed in four-stress dolniks. To the regularity of Dk4 testify almost constant one-syllable anacrusis, predominance of female clauses and availability of rhyming and strophic organization of the poetic work. Five-stress forms of dolnik appear sporadically only in combination with other meters, mostly with Dk4 and only in not fully stressed form. Taktovik is a less used meter. It is mostly part of polymorphic structure at the level of micropolymetria or is directed to the pure tonic. Taktovik is built on the basis of shattered disyllabic meters.